President Joe Biden’s plan to make tuition free at community colleges is unlikely to make it into the final bill to expand the nation’s social safety net. But boosting the federal Pell Grant is still on the table and could greatly impact low-income students.
The latest proposal would add $500 to the maximum Pell Grant, currently $6,495. The award — a key part of the federal financial aid system since the 1970s — doesn’t need to be paid back and can be used by qualifying low-income students to pay for tuition, fees, room and board, and other education-related costs.
The proposed boost is smaller than the $1,400 increase Biden originally called for in his Build Back Better agenda and falls well short of his campaign pledge to double the maximum amount, something many Democrats have been pushing in recent years.
Negotiations are ongoing over Biden’s 10-year spending plan, originally priced at $3.5 trillion, and changes could still be made. Some moderate Democrats are concerned the price tag is too big, and Biden revealed this week that some of his priorities wouldn’t cut, including his plan to make two years of tuition-free at community colleges.
During a CNN town hall Thursday, Biden, whose wife Jill Biden is a community college professor, stressed that making community college free remains a priority for his administration even if it doesn’t make it into this bill.
“I’m going to get it done,” Biden said. “If I don’t, I’ll sleep alone for a long time,” he laughed.
Bigger Pell Grants vs. free community college
A big benefit of Pell Grants is that they can help cover education-related costs beyond just tuition and fees.
First-time, full-time undergraduate students at public two-year colleges have been receiving enough grant aid on average to cover their tuition and fees — which average $3,770 a year — since the 2009-10 school year, according to the nonprofit College Board.
Many community college students take out loans to pay for the other costs of books, laptops, transportation, housing, and food. Those additional expenses total an average of $14,780 a year for a full-time student and would not necessarily be covered by a free tuition program.
It’s unclear how exactly Biden’s free community college plan would have worked, but many states- and local-level free tuition programs don’t help cover additional educational costs.
Still, advocates for free community college argue that these programs are worthwhile, partly because they increase enrollment. The clear message is that free tuition makes students more aware of the financial aid available.
Pell grants don’t cover as much as they used to
Pell grants are also available to undergraduates at public and private four-year colleges. Over the past five years, roughly 7 million students have received a Pell Grant annually. The grant amount is awarded on a sliding scale. It is based on the family’s estimated financial need, determined by information the student submits on the Free Application for Federal Student Aid, known as the FAFSA. The smallest award is currently worth $650.
About 95% of Pell recipients’ families earned no more than $60,000 during the 2017-2018 school year, per the most recent data available.
But the Pell Grant amount, which Congress sets annually, covers a smaller portion of the cost of college than it once did. The annual increase has ranged between $100 and $175 over the past five years.
“We are thankful for any increase,” said Karen McCarthy, vice president of public policy and federal relations at the National Association of Student Financial Aid Administrators. The group is calling on Congress to double the Pell Grant.
“But even with these small increases year over year, the maximum Pell Grant award doesn’t have nearly the buying power it did when it was created,” she added.
